Nods Gambling Screen

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Assessment Tools

Assessment Tools

Gerstein, Dean et al. The NORC DSM-IV Screen for Gambling (the NODS):
Gambling Impact and Behavior Study: report to the National Gambling Impact Study Commission. Submitted on April 1, 1999. Chicago: National Opinion Research Center.
This assessment tool was designed in the 1999 Gambling Impact and Behavior Study. A structured interview used to determine the prevalence of problem gambling in a population. The NODS consists of 17 questions intended to reflect the DSM-IV criteria It was developed and tested on non-clinical population, and is based upon DSM-IV criteria. Respondents to the NODS are classified as non-gamblers, low-risk, at risk, problem,
and pathological.

Lesieur, Henry & Blume, Sheila. (1987). The South Oaks Gambling Screen: A new instrument for the identification of path-ological gamblers. In the American Journal of Psychiatry. Sep; Vol 144(9): 1184-1188.
The SOGS was originally developed to screen for gambling problems in clinical populations and is a scientifically reliable and valid instrument of 20 items based on DSM III criteria for pathological gambling. It has been the most widely used assessment screen for problem gambling by researchers and counsellors, though it has not been specifically validated for that use.

Shaffer, H.J., LaBrie, R., Scanlan, M. & Cummings, T.N. (1994). Pathological Gambling Among Adolescents: Massachusetts Gambling Screen (MAGS). Journal of Gambling Studies, 10 (4), 339-362.
The MAGS is a clinical tool that can be administered in a 5 to10 minute survey or interview. The MAGS presents an index of non-pathological (NPLG) and pathological (PLG) gambling based upon the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV (DSM-IV). Outcomes also outline the prevalence of a variety of social and emotional problems associated with adolescent gambling.

Turner, Nigel and Horbay, Roger. (1998). Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH) Gambling Screen. Unpublished.
The CAMH Gambling Screen is primarily based on the SOGS and contains 7 items in total. The first 5 were adapted directly from the SOGS. Another item was developed by Turner and Horbay; and the final item determines the frequency of problem gambling. This tool was essentially developed to screen for problem gamblers, to determine if problem gambling is an issue and if there is a need for treatment.

Winters, Ken C., Stinchfield, Randy & Fulkerson, Jayne. (1993). South Oaks Gambling Screen-Revised Adolescent (SOGS-RA): Patterns and characteristics of adolescent gambling. Journal-of-Gambling-Studies, 9 (4), 371-386.
The SOGS for adults was revised for adolescents by changing the wording
to draw on adolescent lingo and relevant situations.

The NORC Diagnostic Screen for Gambling Problems—Revised INTERVIEWER: For each question asked, circle YES or NO. When interview is complete, for questions for which R said YES, mark the corresponding box in the right-hand margin, ignoring items that do not have a corresponding box.

Overview

The National Opinion Research Center DSM Screen for Gambling Problems (NODS) is a screening measure based on the DSM-IV. It is a telephone-screening tool that identifies gambling problems as defined by the DSM-IV. It includes 34 items that yield a total score ranging from 0 to 10. Scores of 1 or 2 suggests some risk for the individual. Scores of 3 or 4 implies possible harmful gambling. A score of 5 or higher indicates probable pathological gambling. These numbers correspond to the DSM-IV criteria of gambling problems.

BPGS = Brief Problem Gambling Screen (2–5 item versions); CHAT = Case Finding and Help Assessment Tool; BBGS=Brief Biosocial Gambling Screen; NLCLiP=National Lottery screen – Loss of Control, Lying and Preoccupation; NODS-CLiP/NODS-CLiP2 = National Opinion Research Center Diagnostic Screen for Gambling Disorders – Loss of Control, Lying. Screen for Gambling Problems (NODS) 34. Poll Question #3 The two themes of the Lie/Bet Questionnaire are losing control and lying. Suicide & Money. Those who screen positive for problem gambling using an initial brief (i.e. 1-3 items) screening tool (e.g. The one item screening tool: “Have you ever had an issue with your gambling?”) should be referred for further assessment and treatment by appropriately trained specialist practitioners in problem gambling.

A self-assessment version (NODS-SA) is also available. This tool helps individuals decide if they should change their gambling behaviour, or seek help for their gambling.

Key Points

Studies have shown that the NODS is a reliable tool used to measure behaviour in the gambling population. Because it is based on the DSM-IV, the symptoms it measures are proven to be related to problem and pathological gambling. The NODS covers all the symptoms dictated by the DSM-IV. However, it does not ask any questions related to the individual's own perception of his or her gambling. Many researchers criticize this tool because of this limitation.

References

Wickwire Jr, E. M., Burke, R. S., Brown, S. A., Parker, J. D., & May, R. K. (2008). Psychometric evaluation of the national opinion research center DSM-IV screen for gambling problems (NODS). American Journal on Addictions, 17(5), 392-395.